甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系 NCa 花药发育的细胞学观察.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(6):1232-1237 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系 NCa 花药发育的细胞学观察 危文亮，王汉中，刘贵华 （中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/ 国家油料作物改良中心/农业部油料作物遗传改良重点实验室，武汉 430062 ） 摘要：NCa 不育系是从甘蓝型油菜与埃塞俄比亚芥的远缘杂交后代中选育出来的。利用光学显微镜和透射电 镜对 NCa 不育系的花药发育过程进行了显微结构和超微结构观察。结果表明，NCa 雄性败育发生于单核花粉晚期。 其主要特点是：花粉母细胞可以通过减数分裂， 四分体可以释放出小孢子，释放 出的单核小孢子可以继续发育并 在早期形成花粉壁，但是 晚期单核花粉细胞质和细胞核相继降解，仅剩下含大液泡或内空 的花粉壁；在 四分体时 期以前绒毡层与正常花药组织的无异，但随后细胞质开始逐渐小液泡化并最终解体 。与已经研究过的其它油菜细 胞质不育系相比，该不育系的败育时期相对较晚；其花药败育特点明显不同于已研究过的所有油菜胞质不育类型。 关键词：甘蓝型油菜；细胞质雄性不育；花药发育；花粉败育；细胞解剖学 Anatomical Observations of Anther Development of NCa, a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in Rapeseed( Brassica napus L.) WEI Wen-liang, WANG Han-zhong, LIU Gui-hua (Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Center for Oil Crops Improvement / The Key Laboratory for Genetics and Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062) Abstract: A cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line, named NCa, was obtained from the backcrossing descendents of hybridization between two amphidiploid species of Brassica napus L. (AACC, 2n =38) and B. carinata (BBCC, 2n =34), respectively. The anatomical observations on the anther development of NCa by light microscope and transmission electron microscope showed that the abortion of the anther development occurred at the later mono-nucleus microspore (MNM) stage. The microspore mother cell of NCa could pass through meiosis and form tetrads and then tetrads could release microspores as the same as the fertile line. The released microspores with one nucleus could continuously develop and form pollen wall soonly. The protoplast and nucleus of MNM degraded in succession and just left the empty pollen wall at last or with large vacuoles. The