三农与环境生态.pptVIP

Agriculture and the Environment Risk and Cost: Elements of Decision Making Top 10 Most Dangerous Jobs Occupation Fatalities / 100,000 Timber cutters 117.8 Fishers 71.1 Pilots and navigators 69.8 Structural metal workers 58.2 Drivers-sales workers 37.9 Roofers 37 Electrical power installers 32.5 Farm occupations 28 Construction laborers 27.7 Truck drivers 25 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002. Survey of occupations with minimum 30 fatalities and 45,000 workers in 2002. 黄沙村 水田里种什么 水稻 甜玉米 制种---水稻、玉米 西瓜 仙（人）草 烟草 花生 其他生产资料 林地---杉树 果树---早李、三华李、柚子 脐橙 养蜂 猪、牛 Transformation from Traditional to Modern Agriculture Traditional Agriculture Small acreage 轮作 休耕 区域相适应的农作物 Modern Agriculture Large acreage 单作 广泛使用化肥 广泛使用农药 灌溉 生产补贴 经济作物的选择 动物饲料作物的选择 为什么这样做 市场经济—最低端---价格控制权 投资--劳动—收益 合作---家庭联产 企业---政府---可持续发展 政策---政府业绩---GDP Environmental Effects of Producing Food Biodiversity Loss生态多样性 Soil Degradation土壤 Erosion流失 Compaction Loss of fertility肥力 Salinization盐渍化 Waterlogging水浸 Desertification荒漠化 Air and water pollution大气、水 Aquifer depletion保水性 Threats to human health人 脐橙园 脐橙山 喷农药 The Green Revolution High yield monocultures高产 Mechanization机械化 Irrigation灌溉 Fertilizers肥力 Pesticides农药 Multiple cropping轮作 Economics and the Environment 理想情况下，长期经济增长创造就业机会，同时维持环境 修理过去造成的损害，从废物管理转向污染预防;使用稀缺资源得到有效利用 Economic Concepts Economic good/service is anything defined as scarce. 资源是任何有助于所需的商品和服务的消费的事物 Pesticides A pesticide is any chemical used to kill or control populations of unwanted insects, fungi, animals, or plants. Pesticides include: insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and herbicides. Proponents argue that pesticides... Save lives (i.e. benefits outweigh harmful effects) Increase food supply and lower food costs Increase profits for farmers Work faster and better than alternatives, at a reasonable cost Are now safer and more effective than before What does it mean to produce organically? 污染物无害化处理 有机肥 禁用农药 无转基因 无辐射