物流与供应链管理-5 供应链整合.ppt

5 Distribution Strategy in Supply Chain 沈厚才 博士(Dr. Houcai SHEN) 南京大学 hcshen@.c /shizi/gerenhomepage/shenhc.htm 配送战略要解决的问题及手段 如何选择配送决策机构？ 集中控制战略与分散控制战略 如何做出配送决策的方式？ 直接运输的战略 仓库的战略 直接转运的战略 如何选择生产和储仓？ 中心机构与地方机构的战略 如何选择驱动供应链的方式？ 推动型系统与拉动型系统 配送决策战略 集中型配送决策 一个中心机构为整个供应链作出配送决策 将整个供应链整体最优进行到底 分散型配送决策 多个机构作出配送决策 每个机构寻找其最有效的战略 局部最优 集中型决策与分散型决策的比较 配送战略 直接运输的配送战略 产品从供应商直接运往最终顾客，不经配送中心 通过仓储的配送战略 仓库保持库存 根据顾客所需从仓库向顾客配送 直接转运的配送战略 仓库为配送协调点，不是储存点 产品到达仓库，然后转运往顾客 库存期不长于12小时 Cross Docking In 1979, Kmart was the king of the retail industry with 1891 stores and average revenues per store of $7.25 million At that time Wal-Mart was a small niche retailer in the South with only 229 stores and average revenues about half of those Kmart stores. Ten years later, Wal-Mart transformed itself; it has the highest sales per square foot, inventory turnover and operating profit of any discount retailer. Today Wal-Mart is the largest and highest profit retailer in the world. What accounts for Wal-Mart’s remarkable success The starting point was a relentless focus on satisfying customer needs; Wal-Mart goal was simply to provide customers access to goods when and where they want them and to develop cost structures that enable competitive pricing The key to achieving this goal was to make the way the company replenished inventory the centerpiece of its strategy. What accounts for Wal-Mart’s remarkable success? This was obtained by using a logistics technique known as cross-docking. Here goods are continuously delivered to Wal-Mart’s warehouses where they are dispatched to stores without ever sitting in inventory. This strategy reduced Wal-Mart’s cost of sales significantly and made it possible to offer everyday low prices to their customers. Cross Docking Characteristics of Cross-Docking: Goods spend at most 48 hours in the warehouse, Avoids inventory and handling costs, Wal-Mart delivers about 85% of its goods through its warehouse system, compared to about 50% for Kmart, Stores trigger orders for prod