物流学chapt3.pptVIP

CHAPTER 3 Logistics and Information Technology Learning Objectives To appreciate the importance of effective and efficient utilization of information for logistics management To learn about general types of information systems and their logistical applications To look at the Internet’s influence on logistics Logistics and Information Technology Key Terms Artificial intelligence (AI) Data Decision support system (DSS) Key Terms Electronic commerce Electronic data interchange (EDI) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system Logistics and Information Technology Key Terms Global positioning systems(GPS) Logistics information system (LIS) Office automation system Key Terms Radio-frequency identification (RFID) Simulation Transaction processing system (TPS) About Supply Chains… A supply chain “encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows.” Source: Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr., Introduction to Supply Chain Management Traditional Supply Chain Flows Demand flow Product flow Benefits of Effective and Efficient Use of Information Replacement of inventory with information Reduced variability in the supply chain Better coordination of manufacturing, marketing, and distribution Streamlined order processing and reduced lead-times Bullwhip effect Occurs when slight demand variability is magnified as information moves back upstream Bullwhip effect The Dynamics of the Supply Chain What Management Gets... What Management Wants… 物流信息化特征 物流信息服务包括预先发货通知、送达签收反馈、订单跟踪查询，库存状态查询、货物在途跟踪、运行绩效监测、管理报告等。 物流信息化特征 普遍采用条形码技术（Bar-Coding）和射频识别技术（RFID），提高信息采集效率和准确性 采用基于互联网的电子数据交换技术（Web EDI）进行企业内外的信息传输，实现订单录入、处理、跟踪、结算等业务处理的无纸化 应用仓库管理系统（WMS）和运输管理系统（TMS）来提供运输与仓储效率 物流信息化特征 通过与供应商和客户的信息共享，实现供应链的透明化，运用JIT、CPFR（Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment ）、VMI等供应链管