成本与管理会计 2.pptVIP

* * * * * * * Types of Product Costs Also known as Inventorable Costs Direct Materials Direct Labor Indirect Manufacturing – factory costs that are not traceable to the product. Other common names for this type of cost include Manufacturing Overhead costs or Factory Overhead costs. Cost Flows The Cost of Goods Manufactured and the Cost of Goods Sold section of the Income Statement are accounting representations of the actual flow of costs through a production system. Note the importance of inventory accounts in the following accounting reports, and in the cost flow chart Cost Flows Visualized Cost of Goods Manufactured Multiple-Step Income Statement Other Cost Considerations Prime cost is a term referring to all direct manufacturing costs (labor and materials) Conversion cost is a term referring to direct labor and factory overhead costs, collectively Overtime labor costs are considered part of overhead due to the inability to precisely know the true cause of these costs Different Definitions of Costs for Different Applications Pricing and product-mix decisions – may use a “super” cost approach (comprehensive) Contracting with government agencies – very specific definitions of cost for “cost plus profit” contracts Preparing external-use financial statements – GAAP-driven product costs only Different Definitions of Costs for Different Applications Three Common Features of Cost Accounting Cost Management Calculating the cost of products, services, and other cost objects Obtaining information for planning control, and performance evaluation Analyzing the relevant information for making decisions Case studies: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ? 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. ? 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. (c) 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. (c) 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes ? 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Basic Cost