压实处理对矸石充填复垦土壤水分的影响.docVIP

压实处理对矸石充填复垦土壤水分的影响( 鲁叶江 （煤炭科学研究总院唐山研究院，河北 唐山 063012） 摘要：针对煤矸石充填复垦耕地土壤水分容易流失的问题，通过在矸石层和表土层之间设置两种压实层厚度和三种压实梯度的土壤压实层进行模拟复垦试验，研究不同处理对复垦土壤水分和农作物产量的影响。结果表明，土壤水分在矸石复垦土壤剖面中随深度增加先升高后降低，表现出与对照完全不同的剖面水分分布特征；表层（0~30 cm）土壤水分随压实层厚度和压实梯度的增加而增加；作物产量与表层土壤水分含量成显著正相关关系（r=0.953**）。综合分析表明，通过设置压实层措施可有效改善表层土壤水分，提高矸石复垦耕地质量。本试验条件下，压实层厚度为20 cm、容重为1.42 g/cm3的中度压实处理（TF20-2）是较优的矸石充填土壤剖面构建方法。 关键词：采煤沉陷区；矸石复垦；压实；土壤水分 Effects of Compaction on Reclamation Soil Water Content by Filling Coal Waste LU Ye-jiang （Tangshan Institute of China Coal Research Institute, Tangshan, Hebei 063012） Abstract: Based on the problem that soil water loss in reclamation land by filling coal waste, compaction layer with different thickness and compaction gradients was set up between coal waste layer and surface soil layer. Effects of different compaction treatments on soil water content and crop yield was investigated. The results showed that soil water content increased first and decreased afterwards with the increase of depth in the reclamation soil by filling coal waste, which hehaved distinct water characteristics to the control. Surface (0~30 cm) soil water content increased with the increase of compactness in corresponding filling thickness. A positive significantly correlation (r=0.953**) was found between crop yield and soil water content in surface layer. Accordingly, the surface soil water content can be kept effectively and the quality of reclaimed land by filling with coal waste can be improved through the compaction treatment measures. In this experiment the medium compactness treatment (TF20-2) with 20 cm filling thickness and bulk density with 1.42 g/cm3 could be the superior reclamation method. Key words: mining subsidence; reclamation by filling coal waste; compaction; soil water content 我国的国情是人多地少，耕地形势非常严峻，采煤破坏土地的复垦和恢复显得尤为重要，因此，采煤沉陷地复垦是一项很有必要而又极为迫切的任务。用矿山固体废弃物充填采煤沉陷地是我国土地复垦的主要技术措施之一[1]，在很多矿区的土地复垦中得到了广泛应用[2,3]。煤矸石是采煤塌陷区复垦耕地较为常用的充填物料，值得注意的是，煤矸石颗粒粒径较大，常常导致矸石充填复垦耕地的表层土壤水分向下流失严重，复垦耕地质量不高，特别是在覆土土源不足矿区。因此，如何在较