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The Hamiltonian of helium is： And One electron occupies orbital，Its degeneracy is；and the other electron occupies orbital，Its degeneracy is 。So the total degeneracy of the first excited state of helium is 16. Which means matrix W is a matrix. ：the total spin angular momentum，we have ：The total orbital angular momentum， 。 We have proved that And ， So 。 Now let ，with 。 Therefore 。 Also have So . We also can prove that Thus Two electrons： one occupies：，，。 If the other occupies：，，。The net angular momentum is，； If the other occupies：，，，The net angular momentum is ，。 Singlet corresponds to a matrix, triplet corresponds to three matrices. For each matrix, corresponds a matrix, corresponds three matrices. So the degenerate subspace can reduce into four smaller subspaces. Wave functions are the eigenfunctions of ，，，and we have proved that.At the same time, spinor are the eigenfunctions of , and , with. So when we use as “good” unperturbed state, then W matrix will automatically be diagonal. Evidently the’s are nothing but the eigenvalues of the W-matrix, so in this case, the diagonal elements are’s. At the same time we should note that when we divide the system into a singlet and a triplet to discuss, the spin part would not have been taken into account, only the wave function need to be considered. For parahelium： (Singlet). Its wave functions is symmetric： ：， ：，。 For orthohelium： (Triplet). Its wave functions is antisymmetric： ：， ：，。 The first-order correction to energy： ， We have ，， ， 。 For parahelium: Let , So But So The first integral So The second integral So Finally,