论我国建立行政判例制度可行性——兼谈我国行政判例制度建构-毕业论文.doc

摘  要  从世界范围来看，以判例法为特点的英美法系和以成文法为特 点的大陆法系正不断走向融合，各国无论是在法律的内容上还是在 法律的形式上都在相互借鉴。我国作为成文法国家，引进判例制度 以弥补成文法制度的不足既顺应了法律制度发展的国际潮流，也符 合我国经济、政治、社会和思想文化发展的客观要求。尤其在行政 法领域，世界各国行政法文化今天正发生着深刻的变革，这些变革 主要表现在五个方面：一是行政疆域的变迁，即从全能政府变为有 限政府；二是行政权行使主体的变迁，即从责任政府到参与民主； 三是行政法原则的变迁，即从形式法治演进到实质法治；四是行政 目标的变迁，即从管理、指挥、强制发展到服务、指导、合作；五 是行政控权机制的变迁，即从偏重司法审查变为司法审查与行政程 序并重。这些变化同样存在于我国行政法的发展之中，这就是：从 目的上看，我国行政法日益重视规范和控制行政权、保障行政相对 人的合法权益；行政法的理论基础，从管理论，向控权论、平衡论 转变。由于判例制度能够更好地实现行政法的目的，因此我国在行 政法领域引进判例制度十分必要。目前来看，虽然我国法学界在建 立判例制度弥补成文法的不足方面基本上已达成共识，并在建立判 例制度的必要性方面给予了充分论证，但是，在我国行政法领域建 立判例制度是否可行，法学界的论证尚欠深入。正因为如此，本文 通过对行政判例制度产生的历史背景、价值理念及法律移植对我国 行政法的影响等方面的分析，来论证我国建立行政判例制度的可行 性，并在此基础上对建构我国行政判例制度提出了若干设想。 关键词: 判例法 遵循先例 区别技术 自然公正 2 Abstract From a global perspective, the Anglo-American legal system characterized by the case law and the Continental legal system characterized by the statutory law are integrating to each other, the various countries of two type are learning laws of others both in content and form. As a country of statutory law, china’s introducing the case law to make up the defect of the statutory law is to not only comply with the international trend of legal system but also comply with the objective requirement of politics, economy, society, culture and so on. Especially in the scope of the administrative law, the administrative legal culture in the world has changed and will be changing in present days in five following aspects: First, the scope of the administration has transformed from the all-round government to the limited government. Second, the subject of exercising the administrative power has transformed from responsible government to participating democratically. Third, the principle of the administrative law has transformed from form government by law to substantive government by law. Forth, the administrative aim has transformed from management, command, force to service, instruction and cooperation. Fifth, the mechanism which controls the administrative law has transformed from only em