中学英语语法七-虚拟语气.docVIP

高三语法七——虚 拟 语 气 一、语气的种类 语气有三种：陈述语气、虚拟语气、祈使语气。虚拟语气，表示说话人的假设、猜测、建议或愿望，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气可出现在单独的一个句子和所有从句中；虚拟条件可由从句、介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词、副词乃至于名词等表示。 二、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 1. if条件从句中的用法 ①表示与现在事实相反的假设 从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词的过去式正式用法一律用were），主句动词用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。 If I were rich, I would buy that car.若我有钱，我就买那辆车。 If I had a car, I should be very happy.若我有一辆车，我会很快乐。 If you asked him, he might tell you.如果你问他，他会告诉你。 ★在虚拟语气中，should, would, could, might的区别：主句中，一人称可用would,也可用should,没有意义区别。前者表“肯定、必然”的结果，后者主要用于英国并可表“应该”含义。could表“能力、允许、可能性”，might仅仅表“可能性”，且语气弱。 ②表示与过去事实相反的假设 If从句谓语动词用过去完成式，主句用“should / would / could/might + have +过去分词” If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. 如果我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话了。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.如果他抓点紧的话，他就会赶上火车了。 If he had been there, he would have helped you. 如果他在那儿的话，他会帮助你的。 ③表示与将来事实相反的假设 从句谓语动词除用过去式（be动词用were）以外，还可用“should +动词原形”或“were to +动词原形”；主句用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.如果我出国的话，我就去美国。 If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. 如果我明天看到他的话，我就把你的便条给他。 If it should rain tomorrow, I might get lost. 如果明天下雨的话，我可能会迷路。 ④混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须按其自己的时间来决定动词的形式。 If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast. 如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑那么快。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）。 If he had died in the accident, he couldnt stand in front of you now.如果他在那次事故中死去，现在就不会站在你面前。 ⑤省略if的虚拟条件从句的用法 如果条件句的从句部分含有系动词were或助动词should或had，有时可将if省略，把were, should或had移到主语之前。 Were I you（=if I were you）, I would get up early in the morning. 我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。 Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…）, you could have caught the train. 昨天你早到车站十分钟的话，就会赶上火车了。 Should it rain（= If it should rain）, the crops would be saved.要是下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。 2.在in case, for fear (that), lest等引导的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气：谓语动词用should+动词原形，表示“唯恐，以免”。 She took the raincoat with her in case /for fear that /lest she (should) be caught in the r