三级语法讲解.doc

三级语法讲解 重点语法：1. 主谓一致 2. 时态(现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、完成时进行时) 3.情态动词的完成时 4. 虚拟语气 5. 定语从句 6. 强调句 7.倒装句 8. 非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词-独立主格结构) 9. 状语从句 10、名词性从句（同位语从句）11. the more…the more… 12. 倍数表示法 13. as 的转折用法 主谓一致 1. There be 结构中，be动词与最邻近的名词一致---就近原则 e.g. There _____(be) a teacher and 50 students in the classroom. There ___(be) 50 students and a teacher in the classroom. 2.either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also… 连接主语,谓语动词与离它最近的名词保持一致---就近原则 Either you or he is right. Neither he nor you are right. Not only you but also I am a vocational school teacher. 3. with, together with, along with, as well as(和), but, except（除…以外）, besides, in addition to（除…以外，还有）, rather than(而不是) ，谓语动词和最前面的主语一致---就远原则, 这些词语连接的结构是插入语，谓语动词与它无关。 e.g. His parents as well as his wife ___(invite) to the party yesterday. (05.12) Dr. Richard, together with his wife and three children, ___(be) to arrive in Beijing this afternoon. 4. many a , more than one (不止一个) 做主语，谓语动词用单三形式 Many a college student wishes (wish) to get a good result in the exam. 5．两个单数名词前都有定冠词时，谓动用复数，如The A and the B; 只有一个定冠词时， 谓动用单三形式，如The A and B， 表示A and B 是同一个人，具有两个身份。 e.g. The headmaster and the teacher are here. The headmaster and teacher is here. (02年6月四级真题) The owner and editor of the newspaper ___ the conference. A. were attending B. were to attend C. is to attend D. are to attend 6. a number of(许多) 接名词---谓语动词用复数 the number of（…的数量）接名词 ---谓语动词用单数 e.g. A number of students are watching TV. The number of students in our class is 54. 7. 集体名词做主语，谓语动词的数取决于它的含义，强调整体时用单数，当强调集体中的各个成员时，用复数。 e.g. The family is the basic unit of our society. The family have agreed to lend Tom some money. 8. 动名词，动词不定式，句子做主语，谓语动词用单数 e.g. Studying English is important. 9. the+adj. 指人用复数，如the poor, the unemployed， 指物用单数 e.g.The young are the hope of the world. The beautiful is loved by everyone. 10. 中心词为表示时间，金钱，距离等名词时，谓语动词用单数 e. g. Ten dollars is enough. Three kilometers is a long distance. 常考题型： 1. Reading many books___ like ta