Lecture 4 动名词 讲义.docVIP

Lecture 4 动名词 Gerund 1. 动名词的形式 ? 主动 被动 一般 ? doing being done? 完成 ?having done having been done? 1.1 时态的意义与否定形式 动名词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生，或表示一般情况。 I approved of her taking part in the meeting.(同时或以后) Learning is important to life.(一般情况) 动名词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。 She is proud of having won the first price.(之前) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词。 I regret not having taken Joe’s advice. Helen said that she wouldn’t mind their not waiting for her 1.2动名词的主动语态和被动语态 动名词主动语态表示逻辑主语发出动作;被动语态表示逻辑主语承受动作。 Her son winning a gold metal surprised her. He doesn’t like being flattered. This problem is far from being settled. 动名词通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。 I would appreciate you calling back this morning. 动名词在以下动词后，常以主动形式表示被动:need, want, deserve, repay, require, bear, take(需要) ect. That needs explaining. =That needs to be explained. The novel repays reading and re-reading.=The novel repays to be read and re-read. 1.3 Worth worthy worthwhile三词的用法 1.3.1 Worth: 只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”、“有……价值的”、“值得……的”。 A. be worth+n.　当名词为金钱时，表示“…值…” B. be worth doing sth.　　 “….某事值得被做” . 1.3.2 Worthy:可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”. A. be worthy of +n/doing sth. 当名词为抽象名词时，表示“…值得…” B. be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”　 1.3.3 Worthwhile: 与worthy一样，既可作表语，又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。 A. be worthwhile to do / doing sth. “值得做某事” 2. 动名词的作用： 2.1 作主语 Reading aloud is very helpful. 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It’s no use quarreling. 2.2 作表语 In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 2.3 作宾语 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾补，则常用形式宾语it. We found it no good making fun of the others. 2.4 作定语 He can’t walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school? 动名词作名词后置定语：不同的名词，对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的，有的只能用to do,有的只可用of doing,有的两种都可以。 2.4.1 hope, risk, possibility, impossibility, probability, prospect, responsibility,等，一般只能用of doing作后置定语。 In fact, there is no hope of their winning the game. He will run