第三章 NMR实验术基础.docVIP

第三章 NMR实验技术基础 1 NMR仪器 如图，现代超导核磁谱仪的主要组成部分包括： 1. 超导磁体Magnet包括Field Lock，Shim Coils 2. 探头Probe内有RF Coils，Gradient Coils 3. 脉冲编程器及射频放大器 4. 接收器 5. 数据采集及处理计算机 At the top of the schematic representation（图示）, you will find the superconducting magnet of the NMR spectrometer. The magnet produces the Bo field necessary for the NMR experiments. Immediately within the bore of the magnet are the shim coils for homogenizing the Bo field（匀场）. Within the shim coils is the probe. The probe contains the RF coils for producing the B1 magnetic field necessary to rotate the spins. The RF coil also detects the signal from the spins within the sample. The sample is positioned within the RF coil of the probe. Some probes also contain a set of gradient（梯度）coils. These coils produce a gradient in Bo along the X, Y, or Z axis. Gradient coils are used for for gradient enhanced spectroscopy, diffusion, and NMR microscopy experiments. 图示的顶端是NMR谱仪的超导磁体。它产生NMR实验必需的Bo场。超导磁体的核心是用于匀场的垫片线圈。其中有探头，包括产生用于旋转的B1电磁场的RF线圈。RF线圈同样探测样品的旋转信号。样品由此定位。一些探头中包含一系列的梯度线圈。这些线圈在Bo沿X，Y，Z方向产生梯度场。梯度线圈是被用来产生加强光谱，散射和其他NMR微尺度实验的梯度的。 The heart of the spectrometer is the computer. It controls all of the components of the spectrometer. The RF components under control of the computer are the RF frequency source and pulse programmer. The source produces a sine wave of the desired frequency. The pulse programmer sets the width, and in some cases the shape, of the RF pulses. The RF amplifier （扩音器）increases the pulses power from milli Watts to tens or hundreds of Watts. The computer also controls the gradient pulse programmer which sets the shape and amplitude of gradient fields. The gradient amplifier increases the power of the gradient pulses to a level sufficient to drive the gradient coils. The operator of the spectrometer gives input to the computer through a console terminal with a mouse and keyboard. Some spectrometers also have a separate small interface for carrying out some of the more routine procedures on the spectro