L_计算机网络体系结构与Internet.ppt

提纲 网络基本概念 Internet简介 协议分层和OSI参考模型 End-to-End Arguments Internet设计原则 基本机制回顾 The Internet Global scale, general purpose, heterogeneous-technologies, public, computer network Internet Protocol Open standard: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as standard body Technical basis for other types of networks Intranet: enterprise IP network Developed by the research community Internet History 1961: Leonard Kleinrock （MIT）- queueing theory shows effectiveness of packet-switching 1964: Baran - packet-switching in military nets 1967: ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency –Lawrence Roberts 1969:first ARPANET link was established (Oct,) , a 4-node network was connected ( Utah , UCLA , UCSB, Stanford Dec. ) 1972: ARPAnet demonstrated publicly NCP (Network Control Protocol) first host-host protocol first e-mail program（ BBN:Ray Tomlinson ） ARPAnet has 15 nodes Internet History 1970: ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii 1973: Metcalfe’s PhD thesis proposes Ethernet late 70’s: proprietary architectures: DECnet, SNA, XNA late 70’s: switching fixed length packets (ATM precursor) 1973: International Network Working Group(Robert Kahn) 1974: Vinton Cerf and Kahn - architecture for interconnecting networks，TCP/IP 1978：NCP-TCP/IP(1983) 1979: ARPAnet has 200 nodes 1981: IP，TCP：RFC791 RFC793 Cerf and Kahn’s internetworking principles: minimalism, autonomy no internal changes required to interconnect networks best effort service model stateless routers decentralized control define today’s Internet architecture Internet History 1982: SMTP e-mail protocol defined 1983: deployment of TCP/IP 1983: DNS defined for name-to-IP-address translation 1985: FTP protocol defined 1988: TCP congestion control new national networks: Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel 100,000 hosts connected to confederation of networks Internet History Early 1990’s: ARPAnet decommissioned 1991: NSF lifts restrictions on commercial use of NSFnet (decommissioned, 1995) early 1990s: Web hypertext [Bush 194