第四章 空间数据库.docVIP

第四章?? 1．What is spatial database? What’s its characteristic? How the geography entities stored in the spatial database. Spatial data base is the data base with project quality applying in fields of spatial data process and information analysis, and its management object is mainly geographic spatial data (includes spatial data and non-spatial data). It can make users query geographic spatial data conveniently, and insert, delete and renew data. Spatial data base must have functions of simulation and reasoning to geographic objects. We may regard technology of spatial data base as extension of technology of traditional data base. On the other hand, spatial data base has breached the theory of traditional data base, which must lead to innovation of theory. Spatial data base has some characters as follows: 1. Data volume is very large. To express all kinds of geographic factors needs large data volume, for geographic system is complicated syntheses. 2. It includes not only attribute data, but also large volume of spatial data. 3. The application of data is very extensive, such as geography research, environment protecting, land using and planning, resource exploration, entironment, city planning management and road building, etc. We may adopt raster structure, vector structure, vector---raster integrated data structure to represent geographic entity for its figure data in spatial data base. The three kinds of structure are organization form of data, and logic structure for storing, managing and process data by computer. In vector data, single geographic entity is basic unit of logic data. In raster data, the basic data unit is based on a spatial unit. Entity’s information is gathered according to the spatial unit. Vector---raster integrated data structure has advantages of two kinds of basic data structure at the same time. For thematic attribute data of geographic entity, we may adopt certain data model to manage data. There are many data model to manage themat