考研阅读的最高境界之二.docVIP

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 转自中国来我社区(/bbs/)长期的阅读研究和教学实践使我了解到学习考研英语的同学的众多困惑，如何高速有效地阅读原文是其中之一。在考试时，有的同学运用“地毯式”阅读法，读到每个词时都若有所思，战战兢兢，惟恐意思稍有偏差，陶醉于个别句子的繁琐分析，惟恐自己不了解句子的成分。这种缓慢谨慎的阅读虽然在心理上能给阅读者以一种虚假的踏实感，但是无论是从理解原文还是从做题的角度而言都表现为效率低下。针对这一普遍情况，笔者结合2006年的阅读第一篇文章介绍阅读原文的一种有效方法---考研阅读原文“三读法”：详读重点，略读细节，跳读修饰。 一、详读重点 所谓重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的原文的出题句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多，因为文章后面只有五道题，它们对应的原文在五句以上。为了回答文章后面的问题，需要重点阅读原文的下列内容： 1．宏观方面 1）文章结构 2）文章主题句 3）各段首末句 4）作者态度 2．微观方面 1）有转折处 2）重要标点 3）句子主干 二、略读细节 相对于论点而言，论据是细节性的。如果明白论点，论据可以读得较快。相对于段落主题而言，解释段落主题的支持句是细节性的。可以略读的细节包括： 1．例子 2．解释 三、跳读修饰 细节性的修饰，只对论点起次要的补充说明作用，第一遍阅读时可以跳过。此外，这些细节性的东西通常也不出题，即使涉及问题，到时候看也来得及。可以跳读的细节包括： 1．两个逗号之间的东西 2．两个破折号之间的东西 3．人物的头衔 4．并列叙述 下面以2006年考研阅读第一篇为例，说明如何运用“三读法”达到最佳效果。 In spite of “endless talk of difference, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”, launched by the 19th-entury department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. ” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.