Chapter Two Tissue injury课件.ppt

Cellular adaptation: Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia CELLULAR ADAPTATION Excessive physiologic stresses. Some pathologic stimuli. A new, but altered state preserving the viability of the cell. ATROPHY Decrease in mass of the cell HYPERTROPHY Increase in mass of the cell ATROPHY Decreased workload. Loss of innervation. Diminished blood supply. Inadequate nutrition. Loss of endocrine stimulation. Aging Morphology of atrophy Brown atrophy Reduction in the number of cell organelles. Increase in the number of autophagic vacuoles. Lipofuscin granules (Brown atrophy) HYPERTROPHY Increased functional demand. Specific hormonal stimulation. HYPERPLASIA The myth of Prometheus. HYPERPLASIA Physiologic hyperplasia: Hormonal hyperplasia Compensatory hyperplasia Pathologic hyperplasia: Excessive hormonal stimulation. Effects of locally produced GFs on target cells. Fig 2-1 Metaplasia One adult cell type is replaced by another. Genetic reprogramming of stem cells. Epithelial and mesenchymal metaplasia. Squamous metaplasia Bronchial epithelia Epithelia in bile duct Cervical epithelia Intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelia Bone metaplasia. * * Chapter Two Tissue injury Fig 2-5 Fig 2-6 PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY Priming Proliferation Groeth lnhibition GROWTH FACTORS AND CYTOKINES HGF TGF-? EGF TNF-? IL-6 Others ADJUVANTS Norepinephrine Insulin Glucagon Thyroid hormone GROWTH INHIBITORS TGF-? Others Growth factors Adjuvanis Matrix degradation * * * 44 45 46 47 48 50 52 53 56 57