信息管理英语.docVIP

信息管理英语结课作业 专业：信息管理与信息系统 学号： 姓名： 日期：2012年6月14日Information Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy. 信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。信息可以被记录为标志,或传输信号。信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。从概念上讲,信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。[1]此外,信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。 How to measure information? Numerically, information is measured in bits (short for binary digit). One bit is equivalent to the choice between two equally likely choices. When there are several equally likely choices, the number of bits is equal to the logarithm of the number of choices taken to the base two. The mathematical expression for information content closely resembles the expression for entropy in thermodynamics. 在数字上，使用位（是二进制数的缩写）来度量信息。一位表示在两个发生概率完全相同的选择中选择其一。当有几种相同的概率选择时，位数等于可选择数的以二为底的对数。 用于信息内容的数学表达式很类似于热动力学的熵的表达式。 What is the difference between data and information? Data is raw material for data processing. data relates to fact, event and transactions. Data refers to unprocessed information.Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it. it is any thing that is communicated.For example,researchers who conduct market research survey might ask a member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data; they are processed and analyze in order to prepare a report on the