2015年考研肖克英语阅读以及长难句讲义.pdf

2013 年考研英语阅读以及长难句全面提速 Part 1 难句分析三大原则 原则一：拆分意思群体，迅速抓住主干 难句之难在于如何化整为零，如何在复杂的结构中分析清楚主干和从句，如何拨开云雾见光明。 关键要抓住意思群体，比如一个谓语的成分多达十个单词，就不能一个一个单词翻译，要把他们想 成整体。定语从句很长，要抓关键的意思，不能眉毛和胡子一起抓。很多学生喜欢逐字阅读，过于 咬文嚼字，而忽视了句子的整体性。还有些同学碰到难句子就划黑色的圆圈，结果到头来什么也看 不出。不要拘泥于难词，因为很多难词并不是正确答案的所在。 原则二：熟悉难句的类型以及特殊的分析技巧 难句很多种多样,从句型上看有定语从句, 状语从句,名词性从句；从短语类型上看,有分词状语, 动名词短语,介词短语；从成分的特殊位置看, 有倒装句, 插入语，省略情况，分割结构；从语气看 有虚拟语气，建议语气等。对不同的难句采取专项突破，一定会起到事半功倍的效果。 原则三：利用语法、不靠语法 即在考研中，考生永远也不需要在考场上分析一句话的语法成分，也不要想这句话有没有语法 错误，考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章。然而在初期可以少量的运用语法，目的有二：一 为初学者如果看不懂句子的结构，往往会感到心情沮丧，或者大脑混乱，根本就读不进文章，因此 引入语法能够给读者以信心；二为运用语法，可以了解文章的语法结构，并最终完全熟悉各种类型 的句子，达到一遍就可以读懂句子的效果。 Part 2 各种句型的类型 1．英语基本的句型 (1) 主谓结构(SV) All the folks in the lobby were deeply moved. The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is well documented. (2) 主系表(SVC) She is feeling depressed today. To be or not to be is a hard thing. (3) 主谓宾(SVO) They are talking loudly about the political affairs. All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. Early upbringing in the home is affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’capabilities. (4) 主谓直接宾语间接宾语(S-V-Od-Oi) He offered me a great hand. The modern white furniture had greater variety in character development. (5) 主谓宾语补语(SVOC) Tom made Jim cry loudly. They let him try a third time. We consider it a good opportunity to study abroad We painted the roof red. 1 They had the dishes prepared. (6) 主谓状 We should confront hardships fearlessly and strive to overcome them. 2．各种从句的类型 一. 主语从句阅读 1.That experience influences subsequent behavior indicates an obvious activity called remembering. 2. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers have shown is just how fast things are going. 二.