科普知识学英语 麻醉药如何使大脑失去知觉.docVIP

Since the mid-1800s, doctors have used drugs to induce?general anesthesia（全身麻醉）?in patients undergoing surgery. Despite their widespread use, little is known about how these drugs create such a profound loss of consciousness. In a new study that tracked brain activity in human volunteers over a two-hour period as they lost and regained consciousness, researchers from MIT and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have identified distinctive brain patterns associated with different stages of general anesthesia. The findings shed light on how one commonly used anesthesia drug exerts its effects, and could help doctors better monitor patients during surgery and prevent rare cases of patients waking up during operations. ? Anesthesiologists now rely on a monitoring system that takes electroencephalogram (EEG) information and combines it into a single number between zero and 100. However, that index actually obscures the information that would be most useful, according to the authors of the new study, which appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of March 4. ? When?anesthesiologists（麻醉学者）?are taking care of someone in the operating room, they can use the information in this article to make sure that someone is unconscious, and they can have a specific idea of when the person may be regaining consciousness, says senior author Emery Brown, an MIT professor of brain and cognitive sciences and health sciences and technology and an anesthesiologist at MGH. ? Lead author of the paper is Patrick Purdon, an instructor of anesthesia at MGH and Harvard Medical School. 自19世纪中叶以来，医生们使用的药物诱发全身麻醉手术的患者（全身麻醉）。尽管它们的广泛使用，但很少有人知道，这些药物如何创建这样一个深刻的意识丧失。追踪在人类志愿者的大脑活动，因为他们失去了超过两小时的时间内，苏醒在一项新研究中，来自麻省理工学院和马萨诸塞州总医院（MGH）的研究人员已经确定了独特的大脑与全身麻醉的不同阶段，相关的模式。这一发现揭示出一个常用的麻醉药物如何发挥它的作用，可以帮助医生更好地监测患者在手术过程中，防止少数情况下，在操作过程中的病人醒来。 ? 麻醉师现在依靠一个监测系统，脑电图（EEG）的信息，并结合成一个单一的数字0和100之间。然而，该指数实际上掩盖将是最有用的信息，根据新的研究，在诉讼中的国家科学院科学3月4日的一周出现的作者。 ? “当麻醉医师（麻醉学者）有人在手术室的照顾，他们可以使用本文中的信息，以确保有人是无意识的，