GRE写作笔记.pdfVIP

Notes for GRE Writing 1.Three great theories of social development. th In the 19 century, three great classical theories of social and historical change were created: the social cultural evolutionism, the social cycle theory and the Marxist historical materialism theory. Those theories had one common factor: they all agreed that the history of humanity is pursuing a certain fixed path, most likely that of the social progress, thus each past event is not only chronologically, but causally tied to the present and future events. Those theories postulated (to suggest as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed) that by recreating the sequence of those events, sociology could discover the laws of history. 2.Colonialism The first process was colonialism. Although imperial powers settled most differences of opinion with their colonial subjects with force, increased awareness of non-western people raised new questions for European scholars about the nature of society and culture. Similarly, effective administration required some degree of understanding of other cultures. Emerging theories of sociocultural evolution allowed Europeans to organize their new knowledge in a way that reflected and justified their increasing political and economic domination of others: colonized people w