计算机英语 教学课件 作者 杨芸 主编 杨 蕾 李连弟 副主编 unit13.pptVIP

unit Thirteen Bridges，Routers，and Gateways Bridges，Routers，and Gateways When a separate server is used as a gateway，cabling costs and installation time are reduced and moves and changes are easier .In fact，users cab change the physical location of their equipment and retain their logical address on the network. With communications functions off-loaded from the host， valuable processing resources are made available for more important tasks. Another advantage of using gateways is simplified network management. Instead of monitoring the traffic of 100microcomputers on the network，managers would have to monitor only a single gateway，which appears to the host as a single peripheral device. In this case，a separate cluster controller is unnecessary because the gateway replaces it. Gateways are capable of extracting detailed information about the data traffic that passes through them and about the status of the data links it interfaces with. The gateway can ensure that the links threshold. In addition，it can monitor the various protocols being used; making sure that enough protocol conversion processing power is available for any given application. The gateway’s management system can generate a variety of reports that can be output automatically at specified times or as demand warrants using a keyboard command. Network statistics can be archived for trend analysis，which can assist in ling-range planning， Bridges，which operate at his date link layer of the OSI model，interconnect LANs that have the same type of operating system. Therefore，the bridge dose not has to perform protocol conversion. In this case，bridge simply looks at the packet address to see where it is going. The bridge then forwards data packets destined for an address beyond the local network to other networks. For example，a bridge can interconnect DECnet，TCP/IP，or Xerox Network Services（XNS） networks but cannot ensure that users on another. That level o