计算机专业英语电子教案－孙建忠 第6章.ppt

Computer English Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Recent Trends These computerized systems are known as CASE tools and include project planning tools (that assist in cost estimation, project scheduling, and personnel allocation), project management tools (that assist in monitoring the progress of the development project), documentation tools (that artist in writing and organizing documentation), prototyping and simulation tools (that assist in the development of prototypes), interface design tools (that assist in the development of GUIs), and programming tools (that assist in writing and debugging programs). 这些计算机化系统就是知名的CASE工具，且包括项目计划工具（帮助成本估计、项目调度，以及人力资源分配）、项目管理工具（帮助管理开发项目的进程）、文档工具（帮助撰写和组织文档）、界面设计工具（帮助开发GUI）以及程序设计工具（帮助编写和调试程序）。 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Recent Trends Some of these tools are little more than the word processors, spreadsheet systems, and e-mail communication systems used in other applications. However, others are quite sophisticated packages designed primarily for the software engineering environment. For example, some CASE tools include code generators that, when given specifications for a part of a system, produce high-level language programs that implement that part of the system. 这些工具也许仅仅就是在其他的应用程序中的文字处理软件，或者是表格处理软件，或者是电子邮件通讯系统。一些则是相当复杂的软件，它们主要是为了软件工程环境来设计的。例如，一些CASE工具包括了代码生成器，当给出一个系统局部的说明书时，它可用来生成实现这个系统局部的高级语言程序。 6.2 Design Methodologies The development of methodologies for designing software systems is a major quest within software engineering. In this section we discuss a variety of the techniques that have been developed as well as directions of current research. 设计软件系统的方法学是软件工程领域主要探索的方向之一。本节我们将讨论一些已经形成的方法以及当前的研究方向。 6.2.1 Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Perhaps the most well-known strategy associated with system design is the top-down methodology. The point of this methodology is that one should not try to solve a complex problem in a single step. Instead, ones first stop should be to break the problem into smaller