物流专业英语第3版 教学课件 作者 程世平 主编 译文 第一单元 物流.docVIP

UNIT I LOGISTICS 第一单元 物流 PART Ⅰ The Definition of Logistics PART Ⅰ 物流的定义 The introduction of Logistics 物流简介 [Para1] “Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army and French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon’s army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the term ‘logistics’ encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance. “物流”或“后勤”一词其实源于军队， 对其词义解释亦有多个不同版本， 根据法国人阐述之词义， 该词早于十九世纪初被祖文尼男爵率先采用。祖文尼是一名原藉瑞士的军官，他在投奔俄罗斯军队之前在拿破伦军中服役， 其后一手创立“圣彼得堡军事学院”。就军事意识而言，物流管理―词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。 [Para2] In the business world however, the concept of “logistics” was applied solely to “Material Replenishment Programs” (MRP) and was confined to the manufacturing sector at the beginning. Therefore the extension of the concept to involve company operations is a relatively new one and the earliest usage dates back to the 1950s in the USA. 然而在商务界中，物流管理的制造业的部门。因此公司是相对新的最早始于美国的 1950 年代。Para3] The introduction of containers and the development of information technology have brought about the development and improvement of logistics’ activities. Whereas containerization has helped master the transportation process, information technology has enabled information to be acted upon in real time thus speeding up the flow of transportation and delivery. 集装箱的发明以及信息技术发达，都从技术方面推动了物流活的发展。运输信息使运输和的。Para4] Logistics starts with the provision of raw materials and semi-finished goods for the manufacturing process, and finishes up with the physical distribution and after sales service of the products. 物流管理从的以产品的分配和售后服务结束。Para5] Economically, this creates a new source of profit characterized by the development of mass distribution and attention to service quality. The two basis objectives in practicing business logistics, cost reductio