超级蓄电池(Ultra-battery).pdfVIP

VRLA-Carbon Batteries for HEVs Patrick T. Moseley Advanced Lead–Acid Battery Consortium Contents 1. The wind of change in automobile design 2. HEV battery performance requirements 3. Key development for VRLA 4. VRLA success in HEV 5. Conclusion CO Emission Legislation 2 Europe 130 g CO2 per km by 2015 USA 160 g CO2 per km by 2020 (presently 204 g/km) Japan 138 g CO2 per km by 2015 E Science and Technology February 6, 2009 The 20% solution – America finally warms up to the stop-start car “For the past couple of years, Europeans have been able to buy cars with circuitry that automatically switches off the engine when the car is slowed below 5 mph, and re-starts it the instant that the driver’s foot comes off the brake pedal. Such cars get about 10-15% better fuel efficiency…their additional cost is a good deal less than $600. In fact, Citroen doesn’t even charge a premium for its little C3 stop-start car.” EIA: Alternative technology vehicles will dominate light-duty vehicle sales by 2030 MILLIONS OF SALES 14 History Projections 12 Electric/Fuel Cell/Plug-in Hybrid 10 Hybrid Electric Vehicle 8 Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle Flex Fuel 6 Diesel 4 2 0 2000 2007 2015 2020 2030 EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2009 Reference Case Types of Hybrid Electric Automobile Micro- Medium Full