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Desalination 266 (2011) 1–16
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Desalination
journal homepage: www.el sevier.c om/l oc ate/de sal
Coagulation with polymers for nanofiltration pre-treatment of highly concentrated
dyes: A review
A.Y. Zahrim, C. Tizaoui ⁎, N. Hilal
Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and Environmental Research (CWATER), School of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Water scarcity and strict legislation make water reuse in dye related industries like textile and leather
Received 5 May 2010 become more important. Among the different types of dyes, soluble dyes are the most problematic.
Received in revised form 27 July 2010 Nanofiltration was vital for the treatment of dye wastewater but the major limitation is fouling. Coagulation/
Accepted 5 August 2010
flocculation can be effective to enhance nanofiltration performance towards water reuse and minimisation of
Available online 18 September 2010
fouling. The selection of the coagulant type (metal or polymer) and dosages are very critical in this
technique. Factors that improved the coagulation were studied in detail and suitable metal coagulants were
Keywords:
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