材料科学与工程导论（双语） 教学课件 作者 陈克正王玮刘春延 等编 Chapter 7.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 * College of Materials Science Engineering QUST * * 尚辅网 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Qingdao University of Science Technology Kezheng Chen Wei Wang Chunting Liu 国家级双语教学示范课程 尚辅网 CHAPTER 7 CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS ISSUES TO ADDRESS… What is corrosion and why is it important? How does corrosion occur? What are the forms of corrosion? How can we suppress or prevent corrosion? 尚辅网 WHAT IS CORROSION? ● Corrosion: the environmental degradation of materials Al Capone’s ship, Sapona, off the coast of Bimini. 尚辅网 PROCESS Chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons at the metal surface e.g. Zn in HCl in simplified form (oxidation reaction, anode) (reduction reaction, cathode) Which can be conveniently divided into 2 reactions: Reduction (cathode) Oxidation (anode) 尚辅网 DEFINITIONS IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY Loss of electrons is oxidation (leo) Gain of electrons is reduction (ger) Anode: electrode whose atoms lose e- to the external circuit, becoming + ions; (oxidation) Cathode: electrode whose ions gain e- from the external circuit; (oxidation) Electrolyte: solution capable of conducting electric current via the movement of positive or negative ions. Note: anode and cathode could be on the same piece of metal! 尚辅网 Standard Electrode Potential STANDARD HYDROGEN (EMF) TEST Metal is corroded Metal is deposited EMF-electromotive force, 电动势 Metal is the anode (-) Metal sample mass Metal is the cathode (+) Metal sample mass 尚辅网 EMF-electromotive force, 电动势 The Standard EMF Series 尚辅网 EMF-electromotive force, 电动势 STANDARD EMF SERIES ● EMF Series ● Metal with smaller corrodes. ● Ex: Cd-Ni cell 尚辅网 GALVANIC CORROSION Requirements: ● 2 different metals ● Electrically connected ● In same electrolyte Carbon steel pipe soldered to copper pipe-steel is heavily attacked More anodic metal corrodes faster. Less anodic metal corrodes slower (is protected). Galvanic Series predicts which metal will corrode faster or slower (e.g. in seawater).