SAT写作名人例子素材收集.doc

思想家 孔子(前551—前479) 孔子，名丘，字仲尼。鲁国陬邑(今山东曲阜东南)人。先世是宋国贵族，避难迁鲁。他出生 时，家世已经没落。年轻时做过季孙氏的委吏(管仓库)和乘田(管繁殖牲口)等。三十多岁到 齐国，几年没有得到齐君的重用，又回到鲁国，聚徒讲学。五十多岁时，由鲁国中都宰(都 城行政长官)升任司寇(掌管刑狱、纠察等事)。后又曾周游宋、卫、蔡、齐、楚等国。晚年在 鲁国编订古代文化典籍《诗》《尚书》《春秋》等，教授门徒。孔子的弟子曾将他的谈话和他 与门徒的问答，辑成《论语》一书，这是研究孔子思想的主要资料。 Confucius(circa 551-479 BC) One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius. He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was Kung Chiu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district. Key words: philosophy poor childhood ancient China 亚里士多德（公元前384-322 ） 元前384 年，亚里士多德生于富拉基亚的斯塔基尔希腊移民区。他的父亲是马其顿国王腓力 二世的宫廷侍医 ，所以他的家庭应该属于奴隶主阶级中的中产阶层。亚里士多德于公元前 367 年迁居到雅典，曾经学过医学，还在雅典柏拉图学院学习过很多年，是柏拉图学院的积 极参加者。 从十八岁到三十八岁在亚里士多德雅典跟柏拉图学习哲学。这二十年对亚里士多德来说是个 很重要的阶段，这一时期的学习和生活对他一生产生了决定性的影响。苏格拉底是柏拉图的 老师，亚里士多德又受教于柏拉图，这三代师徒都是哲学史上赫赫有名的人物。 在雅典的柏拉图学园中，亚里士多德表现的很出色，柏拉图称他是“学园之灵”。但亚里士多 德不是一个只崇拜权威，在学术上唯唯诺诺而没有自己的想法的人。他同大谈玄理的老师不 同，他努力的收集各种图书资料，勤奋钻研，甚至为自己建立了一个图书室。在学院期间， 亚里士多德就在思想上跟老师有了分歧。他曾经隐喻的说过，智慧不会随柏拉图一起死亡。 当柏拉图到了晚年，他们师生间的分歧更大了，经常发生争吵