CCNA 1 Chapter 8 Routing Fundamentals and Subnets.ppt

CCNA 1 Chapter 8 Routing Fundamentals and Subnets By Your Name Objectives Routed protocol IP routing protocols The mechanics of subnetting Routed Protocols Versus Routing Protocols Characteristics of a Routable Protocol IP as a Routed Protocol IP is a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery protocol. As information flows down the layers of the OSI model; the data is processed at each layer. IP accepts whatever data is passed down to it from the upper layers. Packet Propagation Connectionless Network Services Connection-Oriented Network Services Anatomy of an IP Packet Version IP header length (HLEN) Type-of-service Total length Identification Flags Fragment offset Time-to-live Protocol Header checksum Source address Destination address Options Padding Data Routing Protocols Router Overview Layer 3 Addresses Routing Versus Switching This distinction is routing and switching use different information in the process of moving data from source to destination. Routed Versus Routing A routed protocol: Includes any network protocol suite that provides enough information in its network layer address to allow a router to forward it to the next device and ultimately to its destination. Defines the format and use of the fields within a packet. A routing protocol: Provides processes for sharing route information. Allows routers to communicate with other routers to update and maintain the routing tables. Path Determination Path determination enables a router to compare the destination address to the available routes in its routing table, and to select the best path. Routing Tables Routers keep track of the following: Protocol type Destination/next-hop associations Routing metric Outbound interfaces Routing Algorithms and Metrics Routing protocols have one or more of the following design goals: Optimization Simplicity and low overhead Robustness and stability Flexibility Rapid convergence Metrics most commonly used by routing protocols include t