Chapter 4Antigen.ppt

Chapter 4Antigen Introduction Antigen and its characteristics Factors of affecting immunogenicity of antigen Specificity and cross reaction of antigen Classification of antigen Important antigens in medicine Adjuvants Part I Antigen and its characteristics I. Definition of antigen Antigen: Those substances that can induce a specific immune response and specifically bind products of immune response in vitro or in vivo. . Antigen . Tolerogen . Allergen II. Characteristics of Ag 1. Immunogenicity The ability of antigen which can stimulate the immune system of individual to induce a specific immune response. ? 2. Immunoreactivity The ability of antigen which can combine with corresponding Ab or sensitized T lymphocyte. III.?Structure of antigen hapten and carrier Hapten: Only possess immunoreactivity Carrier: Enhance the immunogenicity of hapten Immunogens :possess both characteristics Hapten +carrier complete antigen immunogens Part II Factors of affecting immunogenicity of antigen I. Factors related to antigen 1. Foreignness According to Burnet clone selection theory , foreignness means substances that never contact with lymphocytes in embryo period. Clonal selection theory There are various lymphocyte clones, each clone only bears a unique type of Ag receptor The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags forbidden clones at the early stage of their development---clone deletion The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag by Ag receptors can be selected and induced to activation, proliferation , produce Ab and specific memory cells---clone selection Forbidden clones can be revival and cause antoimmunity. 1 Xeno-substances ---- Various pathogens and their products,xeno- proteins, etc. 2 Allo-substances ---- ABO blood type, HLA, et al. 2 Self component Release of sequestered antigen------ Such as lens protein,sperm etc. Change of