Chapter 7 Integration.ppt

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Chapter 7 Integration.ppt

Choosing u du We haven’t needed the du in the past 2 problems, but that’s not always the case. The du happened to have already appeared in the previous examples. Remember, du is the derivative of u. Example Find Let u = x3 + 1, then du = 3x2dx There’s an x2 in the problem but no 3x2, so we need to multiply by 3 Multiplying by 3 changes the problem, so we need to counteract that 3 by also multiplying by 1/3 Example Example Find u = x2 + 6x, so du = (2x + 6) 7.3-Area The Definite Integral We’ll start with Archimedes! Yea! Archimedes Method of Exhaustion To find the area of a regular geometric figure is easy. We simply plug the known parts into a formula that has already been established. But, we will be finding the area of regions of graphs—not standard geometric figures. Under certain conditions, the area of a region can be thought of as the sum of its parts. Archimedes Method of Exhaustion A very rough approximation of this area can be found by using 2 inscribed rectangles. Using the left endpoints, the height of the left rectangle is f(0)=2. The height of the right rectangle is f(1)=√3 A=1(2)+1(√3)=3.7321u2 Over estimate or under estimate? Archimedes Method of Exhaustion We can also estimate using the right endpoints. The height of the left rectangle is f(1)=√3. The other height is f(2)=0. A=1(√3)+1(0)=1.7321u2 Over estimate or under estimate? Archimedes Method of Exhaustion We could average the 2 to get 2.7321 or use the midpoints of the rectangles: A=1(f(.5))+1(f(1.5)) = √3.75+ √1.75 =3.2594u2 Better estimate? Archimedes Method of Exhaustion To improve the approximation, we can divide the interval from x=0 to x=2 into more rectangles of equal width. The width is determined by with n being the number of equal parts. Area We know that this is a quarter of a circle and we know the formula for area of a circle is A=πr2. A=1/4 π(2)2 =3.1416units2 To develop a process that results in the exact area, begin by dividing the i

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