陕西关中地区夏玉米不同施肥方式效果的比较.docVIP

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陕西关中地区夏玉米不同施肥方式效果的比较.doc

陕西关中地区夏玉米不同施肥方式效果的比较.doc

陕西关中地区夏玉米不同施肥方式效果的比较 摘要:通过对陕西主栽普通玉米和特用玉米施用普通化肥、配方肥、新型bb肥后的产量及相关植株性状的分析,结果表明,增施钾肥和新型bb肥能明显提高玉米百粒重和单株生产能力,显著提高玉米产量。npk优化处理和新型bb肥的优势明显,分别较普通肥料(尿素、磷酸氢二铵)平均增产7.4%和12.8%。相同肥料水平下,普通玉米和特用玉米分别平均增产15.0%和4.1%。施用配方肥和新型bb肥是陕西关中玉米进一步提高产量高效栽培措施的肥料调控方向,且相同肥料水平下普通玉米较特用玉米增产更为明显。 关键词:夏玉米;施肥方式;产量;植株性状;陕西关中地区 abstract: using main normal and special maize cultivars as experimental materials, the effects of applying normal fertilizer, formula fertilizer, and new bb fertilizer on the productions and related plant traits of summer maize in shaanxi province were analyzed. increasing application of k fertilizer,and applying new bb fertilizer could improve kernel weight and plant productivity of maize, then significantly increase grain yield. the formula fertilizer and the new bb fertilizer had more obvious advantages in increasing the yield of maize than the normal fertilizer, and increased by 7.4% and 12.8% respectively. under the same application level of fertilizer, the yield of normal and special maize cultivars respectively increased by 15.0% and 4.1% respectively. these results showed that the application of compound fertilizer with k and new bb fertilizer was important for further increasing the yield of maize in guanzhong area of shaanxi province, and under the same application level of fertilizer, the normal maize cultivar had more obvious increase in yield than the special maize cultivar. key words: summer maize; fertilization application model; yield; plant traits; guanzhong area in shaanxi province 近年来陕西地区肥料用量增长减缓,单质氮、磷肥基本稳定,钾肥、复合肥有所增加,但各地区施用肥料的结构仍以氮肥为主,复合肥次之,钾肥比例则很低。玉米作为陕西省主要的粮食作物之一,生产过程中存在比较严重的施肥比例不协调,重氮轻磷、少钾或不施钾问题,施肥的不合理不仅影响玉米增产潜力的发挥,还会形成高投入、低产出、低效益的恶性循环[1-4]。通过对陕西主栽普通玉米和特用玉米的施肥研究,探讨玉米产量与施肥比例协调性的关系,以期完善玉米施肥机制,为今后的相关研究打下基础。 1 材料与方法 1.1 供试材料 试验品种包括普通玉米和特用玉米。普通玉米为陕西关中夏播区主栽玉米品种郑单958、美国先玉335;特用玉米为陕白糯11、陕白糯12。肥料为普通肥料[np,施尿素300 kg/hm2,磷酸氢二铵(含n18%、p2o5 46%)300 kg/hm2]、配方肥(npk配施,施尿素187.5 kg/hm2,磷酸氢二铵187.5 kg/hm2,硫酸钾225 kg/hm2)、新型bb肥(“摇钱树”牌)600 kg/hm2(含n 15%、p2o5 15%、k2o 15%)共3个处理。 1

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