斯蒂格勒 规制者能规制什么 介绍PPT.pptVIP

利用各州负责管辖电力公用事业的管制委员会成立的年份作为测度管制开始年份的标准 * WHAT CAN REGULATORS REGULATE ? --THE CASE OF ELECTRICITY By George. J. Stigler Who is George. J. Stigler ? （ 1911 - 1991 ） 美国经济学家、史学家 1982年诺贝尔经济学奖得主 研究领域：经济思想史、政治经济学、微观经济学、规制经济学、信息经济学 …… Who is George. J. Stigler ? 规制公共利益理论 规制俘虏理论 规制经济理论 斯蒂格勒的贡献： 开创了规制经济理论 斯蒂格勒模型 等 1 2 3 4 introduction When is a firm regulated ? The effects of regulation on rates and returns conclusion What can Regulators Regulate ? introduction 1 THE literature of public regulation is so vast that it must touch on everything, but it touches seldom and lightly on the most basic question one can ask about regulation: Does it make a difference in the behavior of an industry? The question of the influence of regulation can never be answered by an enumeration of regulatory policies. introduction 1 We propose now to make an investigation of one regulated industry to explore techniques and hopefully reach tentative results. This is the electric utility industry. Here we face three major problems: What firms are regulated? What effects of regulation shall we study, and how shall we measure them? How do we explain our findings? When is a firm regulated ? 2 The classification of states by the existence of regulatory commissions with jurisdiction over electric utilities is given in the Appendix in Table Al. The beginning of regulation by this criterion varied as shown in the accompanying tabulation. Two-thirds of the states had commissions by 1915, three-quarters by 1922. The effects of regulation on rates and returns 3 This classification makes clear the fact that—— rates were lower on average in the regulating states, not only after but also before regulation. The effects of regulation on rates and returns 3 The effects of regulation on rates and returns 3 no effect of regulation can be found in the average level of rates. The effects of regulation on rates and returns 3 We have examined two aspects of the rate structure for po