核燃料循环C-14释放：全球效应.pdfVIP

J. Environ. Radioactivity 8 (1988) 143-155 Carbon-14 Discharges from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: 1. Global Effects M. McCartney* M. S. Baxter~ Chemistry Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK E. M. Scott Statistics Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK (Received 18January 1988; revised version received 25 April 1988; accepted 3 May 1988) ABSTRACT The radiological impact of 14Cproduced by the nuclearfuel cycle is assessed using an advanced 25-box model of the carbon cycle coupled with a range of feasible energy-use scenarios. In particular, this study estimates both the short- and long-term dose implications to the global population. In the former context, it ispredicted that the atmospheric 14Cspecific activity in the year 2050 will be 234 Bq kg -1 (carbon), corresponding to delivery of an individual effective dose equivalent rate of 15 tzSv year -1. The contribution of reactor-derived 14Cto the individual dose rate increases steadily through- out thisperiod, reaching 1.8 txSv year -I in 2050, well within ICRP limits. In the longer term, however, the collective effective dose equivalent commit- ment is conservatively estimated at 141 man Sv TBq -1, corresponding to 480 man Sv (GW (e) year)-1. Thesefigures indicate that 14Ccould generate one of the largest contributions to the total dose to man from nuclear power production. INTRODUCTION The production and subsequent release of 14Cfrom the nuclear fuel cycle are well-documented phenomena (Kunz et al.,