影响耐久性强度的因素 机械设计及制造专业-毕业设计外文翻译-中英文对照.docVIP

外文翻译 FACTORS AFFECTING THE ENDURANCE STRENGTH Published data for endurance strength are determined by special fatigue testing devices,which typically use a polished specimen subjected to a reversed bending load,similar that sketched in figure.If the actual operating conditions of a part in a machine are different.and they usually are,the faigue strength must be reduced from the reported value.Some of the factors that decrease the endurance strength are discussed next. This discussion relates to the endurance strength for materials subjected only to tensile normal stresses,that is,tensile stresses resulting from bending actions or axial tension.Cases involving fluctuating torsional shear stresses are discussed separately.Fatigue failures are most likely to occur in regions of high tensile stress rather than compressive stress. Size of the section The test specimen is usually 0.30 inch (7.6 mm)in diameter.Larger section sizes exhibit lower strengths,have a less favorable stress distribution,and have less uniformity of properties,particularly with heat-treated parts.Reference 1 includes a suggested method of determing the size factor for rotating shafts up to 10.0 inches(250 mm)in diameter. We will use that method here also because we are basing our analysis on the reversed bending phenomenon.Table shows the suggested relationships for determing a size factor,to be applied to the endurance strength to account for the size of the cross section .Figure shows plots of the equations from Table,with some blending of the curves,Reading from the curves should provide acceptable accuracy. When the component being designed is not circular like a shaft,judgment is required to determine the characteristic dimension to use in the formulas.For flat,rolled shapes,the thickness should be used.Noted that the use of these equations is approximate. Surface Finish Any deviation from a polished surface reduces endurance strength.Figure shows rough estimates for the endurance strengths,com