求数列通项公式的八种方法.pdfVIP

求数列通项公式的八种方法 一、公式法（定义法） 根据等差数列、等比数列的定义求通项 二、累加、累乘法 1 1 11、累加法 适用于：a =a + f(n) n+1 n a −a = f(1) 2 1 a −a = f(2) 若a −a = f(n) (n≥ 2) ，则 3 2 n+1 n ⋯ ⋯ a −a = f(n) n+1 n n 两边分别相加得 a −a = ∑ f(n) n+1 1 k=1 1 1 例11 已知数列{a}满足a =a +2n+1，a =1，求数列{a}的通项公式。 n n+1 n 1 n 解：由a = a + 2n+1得a −a = 2n+1则 n+1 n n+1 n a = (a −a ) + (a −a ) +⋯+(a −a ) +( a −a) +a n n n−1 n−1 n−2 3 2 2 1 1 = [2(n−1)+ 1]+ [2(n− 2)+ 1]+ ⋯+ (2× 2+ 1)+ (2×1+ 1)+ 1 = 2[(n−1) + (n− 2) + ⋯+ 2 +1] + (n−1) +1 (n−1)n = 2 + (n−1) +1 2 = (n−1)(n+1) +1 2 = n 所以数列{a }的通项公式为a =n2 。 n n 2 n 2 例22 已知数列{a}满足a = a + 2× 3 + 1，a = 3 ，求数列{a }的通项公式。 n n+1 n 1 n 解法一：由 n 得 n 则 a =a +2 ×3 +1 a −a = 2×3 +1 n+1 n n+1 n a = (a −a ) + (a − a ) +⋯+ (a −a ) + (a −a) +a n n n−1 n−1 n−2 3 2 2 1 1 n−1 n−2 2 1 = (2×3 +1) + (2× 3 + 1)+⋯+ (2× 3 + 1)+ (2× 3 + 1)+ 3 n−1 n−2 2 1 = 2(3 +3 +⋯+3 +3 ) + (n−1) +3