现代软件工程SoftwareEvolution.ppt

Satish Mishra Introduction to UML Morden Software Engineering Shengbing Ren renshengbing@ Central South University, School of Software Software Evolution Evolution Phenomena 软件在演化中生长完善(李德毅院士) Overview 软件演化是一种持续渐进的软件变化活动。 两种研究角度[Lehman]： 名词认为软件演化是一种现象，可考察其特性、成因、属性、特征、结果、影响、管理和控制等。 动词认为软件演化是一个过程，可重点研究辅助软件演化的相关手段、语言、方法和工具等。 Lehman Law Continuing Change A program used in a real-world environment must necessarily change or it will progressively become less useful in that environment. Increasing Complexity As an evolving program changes, its structure tends to become more complex. Extra resources must be devoted to preserving and simplifying the structure. Large Program Evolution Program evolution is a self-regulating process. System attributes such as size, time between releases and the number of reported errors are approximately invariant for each system release. Organizational Stability Over a program’s lifetime, its rate of development is approximately constant and independent of the resources devoted to system development. Conservation of Familiarity Over the lifetime of a system, the incremental change in each release is approximately constant. Evolution processes Evolution processes depend on The type of software being maintained; The development processes used; The skills and experience of the people involved. Proposals for change are the driver for system evolution. Change identification and evolution continue throughout the system lifetime. Change Identification and Evolution The System Evolution Process Change Implementation Emergency Repair System re-engineering Re-structuring or re-writing part or all of a legacy system without changing its functionality. Applicable where some but not all sub-systems of a larger system require frequent maintenance. Re-engineering involves adding effort to make them easier to maintain. The system may be re-structured and re-documented. Advantages of Reengineering Reduced risk There is a high risk in new