商务英语翻译 11.ppt

Translation of Business Contract By Michael Chen Definition of Contract 合同是对各当事方进行法律性约束的协议(A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned)。 1999年中国《合同法》规定,“合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议” Steven H. Gifts : “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty.” Style of Contract 美国语言学家Martin Joos(1962)认为,合同英语属于庄重文体(the frozen style),是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说,这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。 准确性、庄重性和严谨性 准确性 1. 大量使用法律专业术语 alibi（不在犯罪现场），appeal（上诉），bail（保释），burden of proof（举证责任），cause of action （案由），damages（损失赔偿金），defendant（被告），due diligence（审慎），remedy（救济），negotiable instrument（流通票据），felony（重罪），lessor（出租人） 2. 使用套话 Words in the singular include the plural and vice versa；words used in the masculine gender include every gender． （文字上之单数包括复数在内，反之亦然；文字上之男性包括女性在内，反之亦然。） 3. 使用并列结构 clause, covenant, or agreement; for loss or damage; negligence fault or failure; duties or obligations； terms and conditions； made and signed of； by and between； on the complication of the contract or the expiration of the contract； on credit or without payment, 4. 恰当使用模糊词语 有一些词语，其含义带有明显的模糊性，如“toward”(将近),“proper”(适当的),“many”(许多)“serious”(严重的)等等，对这类含义模糊的词语，我们称之为模糊词语。语言的模糊性则是词语的所指范围的边界是不确定的这种属性。 The death penalty may be imposed only for offences of treason, piracy or setting fire to any of Her Majesty’s warships or dockyards. It may not in any event be passed on a person under 18 years of age, nor on an expectant mother. 庄重性 大量使用书面语词 严谨性 大量使用介词 in testimony whereof (为了作证) at this request (应其请求) by the right of representation (根据代理权) upon the termination of the trust (在信托终止时) 大量使用陈述句和祈使句 Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be