XML Schema根元素的几个属性说明.docVIP

3 Advanced Concepts I: Namespaces, Schemas Qualification A schema can be viewed as a collection (vocabulary) of type definitions and element declarations whose names belong to a particular namespace called a target namespace. Target namespaces enable us to distinguish between definitions and declarations from different vocabularies. For example, target namespaces would enable us to distinguish between the declaration for element in the XML Schema language vocabulary, and a declaration for element in a hypothetical chemistry language vocabulary. The former is part of the /2001/XMLSchema target namespace, and the latter is part of another target namespace. When we want to check that an instance document conforms to one or more schemas (through a process called schema validation), we need to identify which element and attribute declarations and type definitions in the schemas should be used to check which elements and attributes in the instance document. The target namespace plays an important role in the identification process. We examine the role of the target namespace in the next section. The schema author also has several options that affect how the identities of elements and attributes are represented in instance documents. More specifically（特别地、明确地、具体地）, the author can decide whether or not the appearance of locally declared elements and attributes in an instance must be qualified by a namespace, using either an explicit prefix or implicitly by default. The schema authors choice regarding qualification of local elements and attributes has a number of implications regarding（prep.关于） the structures of schemas and instance documents, and we examine some of these implications in the following sections. 说明： 不验证在Schema中声明的本地元素和属性，则需将根元素schema的属性elementFormDefault和attributeFormDefault设置为unqualified 不验证在Schema中声明的本地元素和属性，但在Schema中声明的全局元素和属性仍然是需要验证的。 要实现Unqualified Locals，则应在该Schema相应的XML实例文档中声明一个名称空间（缺省的或有前缀的），该名称空间与Schema中的Target Namespaces属性值相同，同时对于在实例文档中出现的全局元素和属