外文翻译--谷歌机器人_全面的安全评估.docVIP

英文原文 Google Android:A Comprehensive Security Assessment As an operating system for mobile devices,Google’s Android—an open, programmable software framework—is vulnerable to typical smart-phone attacks. Such attacks can make the phone partially or fully unusable, cause unwanted SMS/MMS (short message service/multi-media messaging service) billing, or expose private information.1 Smart-phone attack vectors include cellular networks, Bluetooth, the Internet (via Wi-Fi, General Packet Radio Service/Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution, or 3G network access), USB, and other peripherals.2 Smart-phone malware evolve very quickly due to the experience malware writers have gained with PC malware. As Alexander Gostev estimates,3 two years are sufficient for smart-phone viruses to evolve to a level that computer viruses only reached after 20 years. Thus, the challenge in ensuring smart-phone security is becoming similar to that confronting the PC.4 Among the most prominent smart-phone malware types are the Lasco/Cabir5 and Commwarrior/Mabir worm families,6 the Flex- iSpy, RedBrowser, and Skulls Trojan horses, the WinCE.Duts and CardTrap viruses,7 and, recently,the iPhone ikee worm and iPhone/Privacy.A hack- ing tool that exploited vulnerabilities in jail-broken iPhone systems. So far, smart-phone pandemic outbreaks have been limited in their scale and impact due to a re-stricted number of potential victims. Nevertheless,smart-phone market share in the US has increased from 11 percent of all cellular phone subscribers in 2008 to 17 percent in 2009, and it is expected to in-crease significantly over the next few years.8 Conse- quently, smart phones are likely to become a fertile ground for various types of malware. The number of smart phones based on the Google Android operating system are expected to increase 10 percent during 2010.8 The risks to Android are never- theless significant, mainly because it’s an open source software stack operated in a heterogenic mobile en-v