毕业设计（论文）-花生脱壳机结构造型设计.doc

摘 要 花生脱壳机是将花生荚果去掉外壳而得到花生仁的场上作业机械。由于花生本身的生理特点决定了花生脱壳不能与花生的田间收获一起进行联合作业，而只能在花生荚果的含水率降到一定程度后才能进行脱壳。随着花生种植业的不断发展，花生手工脱壳已无法满足高效生产的要求，实行脱壳机械化迫在眉睫。 刮板式花生去壳机能否正常运转，看的是其主要部件的设计，如果设计不合理，机器就不能正常运转或者说不能运转，那么生产出来的这台机器就是一堆费品。设计合理，机器就能正常的运转对并对花生果进行剥壳。因此，刮板式花生去壳机的主要部件的设计在整个设计过程中显得尤为重要，合理的设计将提供给使用者更多的方便和实惠。?? 【关键词】Peanut huller is the fruit throw away outer shell but get shelled peanut of field top homework machine. Because the physiology characteristics of peanut comes to a decision peanut to take off hull and cant be together carry on uniting homework with the in the field results of peanut, but can then can carry on taking off hull after the peanut the contain of the fruit water rate decline to certain degree. Because the peanut plants a continuously develop of the industry, peanut handicrafts taking off hull has already cant satisfy to efficiently produce of request, practice to turn of the utmost urgency.? Pare off a plank type peanut to deny a normal operation to the hull function, what to see is it the design of main parts, if design not reasonable, the machine cant normally revolve perhaps say that cant revolve, so the production come out of this set machine is a heap of fee article. Design reasonable, machine ability normal of operation to also carry on shelling hull to the peanut fruit. Pare off a plank type peanut to the design of the main parts of hull machine in the whole design process seem to be is importance, reasonable of the design will provide more to the user of convenience and real benefit. Keyword?Peanut huller; Mechanization; High-efficient production 第1章 花生脱壳机械的研究应用现状 1.1目前花生脱壳机采用的脱壳原理 目前应用比较广泛的花生机械脱壳原理有以下几种。 撞击法脱壳 撞击法脱壳是物料高速运动时突然受阻而受到冲击力，使外壳破碎而实现脱壳的目的。其典型设备为由高速回转甩料盘及固定在甩料盘周围的粗糙壁板组成的离心脱壳机。甩料盘使花生荚果产生一个较大的离心力撞击壁面，只要撞击力足够大，荚果外壳就会产生较大的变形，进而形成裂缝。当荚果离开壁面时，由于外壳具有不同的弹性变形而产生不同的运动速度，荚果所受到的弹性力较小，运动速度也不如外壳，阻止了外壳迅速向外移动而使其在裂缝处裂开，从而实现籽粒的脱壳。撞击脱壳法适合于仁壳间结合力小，仁壳间隙较大且外壳较脆的荚果。影响离心式脱壳机脱壳质量的因素有，籽粒的水分含量、甩料盘的转速、甩料盘的结构特点等。 碾搓法脱壳 花生荚果在固定磨片和运动着的磨片间受到强烈的碾搓作用，使荚果的外壳被撕裂而实