The English Channel Tunnel.pptVIP

What is Undersea tunnel? An undersea tunnel is a tunnel which is partly or wholly constructed under a body of water. Advantages: Tunneling will generate soil that has been excavated and this can be used to create new land, as was done with the soil of the Channel Tunnel. Travelling through a tunnel is significantly quicker and wont be influence during adverse weather At its lowest point, it is 75 meters deep. At 37.9 kilometers , the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall at 53.85 kilometers , and deeper at 240 meters below sea level. Ideas for a cross-Channel fixed link appeared as early as 1802 began construction in 1988 and opened in 1994 eventually closed in 2002 for incident The British Channel Tunnel Group consisted of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts. The French Channel Tunnel Group consisted of three banks and five construction companies. The design and construction was done by the ten construction companies. Geological profile along the tunnel as constructed:The geology generally consists of northeasterly dipping Cretaceous strata .For the majority of its length the tunnel bores through a chalk marl stratum .Successful tunnelling under the channel required the selection of the best rock strata . Typical tunnel cross section:with a service tunnel between twin rail tunnels. Shown linking the rail tunnels is a piston relief duct, necessary to manage pressure changes due to the movement of trains Construction ： Precast segmental linings in the main TBM drives were used, but different solutions were used on the English and French sides. On the French side, neoprene and grout sealed bolted linings made of cast iron or high-strength reinforced concrete were used. On the English side, the main requirement was for speed and bolting of cast-iron lining