Basic Networking.ppt

Basic Networking Vivek Pai Nov 26, 2002 Communication You’ve already seen some of it Web server project(s) Machines have “names” Human-readable names are convenience “Actual” name is IP (Internet Protocol) address For example, means “this machine” nslookup gives 1 Names Services Multiple protocols ssh, ftp, telnet, http, etc. How do we know how to connect? Machines also have port numbers 16 bit quantity (0-65535) Protocols have default port # Can still do “telnet 1 80” But The Web Is Massive Possible names possible IP addresses World population possible IP addresses Many names map to same IP addr Use extra information to disambiguate In HTTP, request contains “Host: name” header Many connections to same (machine, port #) Use (src addr, src port, dst addr, dst port) to identify connection Measuring Latency Here to Berkeley, CA Mapquest: 2898 miles (47 hours driving) Speed of light: 186000 miles/sec 15.6 ms (slightly slower than a disk access) Ping: 84ms round trip (less than 3x slower) Why? Packet switching Circuit Switching versus Packet Switching Circuit – reserve resources in advance Hold resources for entire communication Example: phone line Packet – break data into small pieces Pieces identify themselves, “share” links Individual pieces routed to destination Example: internet Problem: no guarantee pieces reach Mapping Packet Switching % traceroute traceroute to (05), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 * * * 2 csgate.CS.Princeton.EDU () 5.847 ms 5.718 ms 5.652 ms 3 vgate1.Princeton.EDU (14) 5.400 ms 5.371 ms 5.306 ms 4 (5) 6.873 ms 8.128 ms 6.597 ms 5 (10) 9.515 ms 9.628 ms 10.071 ms 6 (4) 14.259 ms 15.520 ms 14.007 ms 7 (2) 34.292 ms 34.326 ms 34.271 ms 8 (7) 50.394 ms 56.998 ms 46.205 ms 9 (1) 47.535 ms 46.830 ms 61.605 ms 10 (02) 82.091 ms 82.941 ms 83.235 ms 11 (22) 82.910 ms 82.601 ms 81.987 ms 12 61 (61) 82.314 ms 82.394 ms 82.182 ms 13 BERK--SUNV.POS. (3) 83.827 ms 84.060 ms 83.462 ms 1