Discrete-Time Signals and Systems.ppt

Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan 351M Digital Signal Processing Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Quote of the Day Mathematics is the tool specially suited for dealing with abstract concepts of any kind and there is no limit to its power in this field.  Paul Dirac Discrete-Time Signals: Sequences Discrete-time signals are represented by sequence of numbers The nth number in the sequence is represented with x[n] Often times sequences are obtained by sampling of continuous-time signals In this case x[n] is value of the analog signal at xc(nT) Where T is the sampling period Basic Sequences and Operations Delaying (Shifting) a sequence Unit sample (impulse) sequence Unit step sequence Exponential sequences Sinusoidal Sequences Important class of sequences An exponential sequence with complex x[n] is a sum of weighted sinusoids Different from continuous-time, discrete-time sinusoids Have ambiguity of 2?k in frequency Are not necessary periodic with 2?/?o Demo Discrete-Time Systems Discrete-Time Sequence is a mathematical operation that maps a given input sequence x[n] into an output sequence y[n] Example Discrete-Time Systems Moving (Running) Average Maximum Ideal Delay System Memoryless System Memoryless System A system is memoryless if the output y[n] at every value of n depends only on the input x[n] at the same value of n Example Memoryless Systems Square Sign Counter Example Ideal Delay System Linear Systems Linear System: A system is linear if and only if Examples Ideal Delay System Time-Invariant Systems Time-Invariant (shift-invariant) Systems A time shift at the input causes corresponding time-shift at output Example Square Counter Example Compressor System Causal System Causality A system is causal it’s output is a function of only the current and previous samples Examples Backward Difference Counter Example Forward Difference Stable System Stability (in the sense of bounded-input bounded-output BI