我国船舶油污损害赔偿法律机制的研究.docVIP

摘 要 海洋，是人类生存和可持续发展的战略基地。当全球各沿海国家迫于人口膨胀、资源短缺、环境恶化的压力，用新的视角关注、开发和利用海洋时，频频出现的海上船舶溢油事故及其对海洋生态环境带来的严重危害，引起国际社会和联合组织的普遍关注。 人类的生存和发展都离不开海洋。然而，随着全球航运业的高速发展，海上运输的日益繁忙，船舶及有关水上活动对海洋环境造成的污染威胁也随之激增，尤其是船舶溢油事故对自然环境、水产养殖和旅游资源等造成的危害更是难以弥补，并且这种危害将是长期的根据有关资料统计，船舶污染是重要的海洋环境污染源之一，其中最主要是油类物质。目前，我国石油进口量已升至世界第二位。据统计，2008年我国通过海运共进口原油约2.01亿吨，沿海石油运输量超过3.32亿吨，其他散装有毒有害物质运量也不断增长，重大海上污染事故的发生风险大大提高。这些变化给保护海洋环境带来了新的压力。ABSTRACT Ocean, is the basement of a human survival and sustainable development of a strategic. When the coastal countries around the world forced to population growth, shortage of resources, environmental degradation, the concern with a new perspective, the development and use of the oceans, the frequent accidents and marine oil spill on the marine environment of the serious harm jointly organized by the international community and the general concern. Human survival and development are inseparable from the ocean. However, with the rapid development of the global shipping industry, maritime transport has become increasingly busy shipping and related activities on the marine environment, water pollution threat also will surge, especially in oil spill accident on the natural environment, aquaculture and tourism resources harm is irreparable, and this damage will be long. According to statistics from the ship pollution of marine environment pollution is an important one, which is the most important substances other than oil. At present, Chinese oil imports has risen to second in the world. According to statistics, in 2008 Chinese total crude oil imports by sea of about 201 million tons, coastal traffic more than 332 million tons of oil and other hazardous substances in bulk shipments are growing, a major marine pollution greatly increased the risk of accidents. These changes to the protection of the marine environment has brought new pressures. Can be said that establish liability for oil pollution damage legal mechanism for resource scarcity, environmental responsibility long way to