英文专业词汇学考试复习资料.docVIP

Chapter 1 The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 1、The Definition of a Word Lexicology focuses on the study of meanings and origins of words. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of meaning. A word is a minimal（最小的） free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function（句法功能）. 2、?All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary. 3、?Sound and MeaningThe relationship between sound and meaning is no logic 4、?Sound and FormThere was more agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English. With the development of the language, more and more differences arose between sound and form. 5、?Classification of Words No. Classification Example 1 By use frequency Basic Word Stock （基本词汇） The basic word stock forms the common core（共合）of the language. Pronouns（代词） and numerals are semantically monosemous（单一的） and fairly limited in the respect of productivity（多产性）and collocability（搭配性）. The most important feature of the basic word stock is all national character. Nonbasic Vocabulary Archaisms（古词语）：thou Neologisms（新词）：AIDS Argot（黑话）：persuader( means dagger) Technical Terms 2 By notion （有无实义） Content Words（实义词） Functional Words 3 By Origin Native Words ? Borrowed Words Denizens（同代词）：port、shirt Aliens（非同代词）：décor Translation Loans（译借词）: lama（喇嘛） 4 By Morphology ?? （形态） Simple Words Compounds and Derived Words 6、简答 （1）、What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate it. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary and conventional. In different languages, the same concept can be shown by different sounds. “Woman”, for example, becomes “Frau” in German, “Femme” in French and “fu nv” in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound [mi:t] is used to mean “meet, meat, mete”, denoting different things. （2）、What are the four major reasons for the differences between sound and form? The first reason (he internal reason) is that there a