生物资源利用.pdfVIP

Environmental Pollution 121 (2003) 413–423 /locate/envpol Effects of past sewage sludge additions on heavy metal availability in light textured soils: implications for crop yields and metal uptakes A. Bhogal, F.A. Nicholson*, B.J. Chambers, M.A. Shepherd ADAS Gleadthorpe Research Centre, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, NG20 9PF, UK Received 17 September 2001; accepted 26 April 2002 ‘‘Capsule’’: Topsoil extractable zinc and copper concentrations are a good indicator of metal bioavailability to crops. Abstract The effect of heavy metal additions in past sewage sludge applications on soil metal availability and the growth and yield of crops was evaluated at two sites in the UK. At Gleadthorpe, sewage sludges enriched with salts of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) had been applied to a loamy sand in 1982 and additionally naturally contaminated Zn and Cu sludge cakes in 1986. At Rosemaund, sewage sludges naturally contaminated with Zn, Cu, Ni and chromium (Cr) had been applied in 1968–1971 to a sandy loam. From 1994 to 1997, the yields of both cereals and legumes at Gleadthorpe were up to 3 t/ha lower than the no-sludge control where total topsoil Zn and Cu concentrations exceeded 200 and 120 mg/kg, respectively, but only when topsoil ammonium nitrate extractable metal levels also exceeded 40 mg/kg Zn and 0.9 mg/kg Cu. At Rosemaund, yields were only decreased where total topsoil Cu con- centrations exceeded 220 mg/kg or 0.7 mg/kg ammonium nitrate extractable Cu. These results demonstrate the importance of measuring extractable as well as total heavy metal concentrations in topsoils when assessing likely effects on plant yields and metal uptakes, and setting soi