Unit 4《Publia transport》课件（30张ppt）-Grammar and usage（牛津译林版选修7）.ppt

Grammar and usage Unit 4 Public transport Verb-ing verb-ed Function as adjectives Function as adverbs v-ing形式作定语 单个的v-ing形式 developing countries = countries that are developing an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody *常作前置定语，相当于定语从句 Verb-ing短语 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. They lived in a house facing south. *常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing 形式，必须用定语从句。 ? ① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。 昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。 【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. ② v-ing形式的完成式一般不作定语，只作状语。 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. v-ed形式作定语 单个动词-ed形式作定语 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 提　示 如表示强调，单个v-ed形式也可作后置定语。 Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。 *常作前置定语，相当于定语从句 Verb-ed短语 We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) The meeting, attended by 1,000 students, was a success. (= which was attended by 1,000 students) *常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句 v-ing v-ed作定语的区别 1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。 The group called Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment. The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment. 2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而-ed形式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的含义。 falling leaves?正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves?落叶 an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯 a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人 V-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 　　 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the ex