基于特定赛道的方程式赛车转向梯形优化与虚拟试验.pdfVIP

36 　09 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　67　 :1004-2539(2012)09-0067-04 　　　 ( , 　　100081) 　以对某方程式赛车的转向梯形传动机构进行优化为目的, 基于转向梯形的运动学特性, 及对 赛车在特 赛道上比赛时传感器所采集的方向盘转角数据的分析, 通过引入加权因子建立了以理想 Ackerman 几何关系为目标函数的优化模型,利用非线性最小二乘法进行了优化。并通过机械系统仿真 软件ADAMS 建立了赛车的虚拟样机整车模型, 在通过试验验证其准确度的基础上, 对优化前后的赛车 的操纵特性进行了对比。虚拟试验结果表明,优化后的赛车不足转向特性略有加大, 同时转向时前轮距 变化幅度变小, 转向时外侧车轮更加垂直于地面从而可以提供更大的侧向力,并且轮胎跳动时的前束角 变化幅度变小。为同类赛车的转向梯形设计提供了借鉴。 　方程式赛车　转向梯形　优化　ADAMS 　虚拟试验 Optimization and Virtual Test of Steering Trapezoid of Formula Racing Car based on Particular Race Track Chen Sizhong 　Ni Jun 　Wu hicheng (School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China) Abstract　In order to optimize the steering trapezoid of formula racing car, based on the kinematics characteris- tics of the steering trapezoid, as well the data of steering angle collected by data logger in the race, the mathematics model as the goal of ideal Ackerman geometrical relationship is built by the introduction of weight factors, then the op- timization is performed by using nonlinear least square method.By applying mechanical system simulation software ADAMS, the whole model of racing car isbuilt, and its accuracy isverified by the experiment, then the comparison of the handling characteristics is performed.The virtual test shows that, after optimization, the tendency to understeer of the racing car is aggravated, the rangeability of wheel track decreases and the outer tire can provide more lateral force because the increase of verticality to the ground, and the rangeability of toe angle decreases when tires jump.It pro- vides reference for the design of steering trapezoid of racing car. Key words　Formula racing car　Steering trapezoid　Optimization 　ADAMS 　Virtual test