毕业设计（论文）-旋转导向闭环钻井技术.doc

摘 要 近年来，由于油气资源勘探开发难度的加深以及对油气采收率要求的提高，越来越多的水平井、大位移井等钻井技术被采用，而对井眼轨迹控制技术的要求也越来越高。为降低钻井成本、获得更高的经济效益，研制和开发新型智能钻井系统已成为国际钻井领域的最新发展方向，自动导向钻井系统是未来的必然趋势，而井眼轨迹控制技术的研究是其核心内容之一。进一步挖掘这种导向钻井系统的潜力，完全可以打好一般的定向井、大位移井和水平井。 旋转导向闭环钻井技术是国际石油行业列为最主要的几项关键技术之一，是代表钻井技术向信息化、智能化和自动化方向发展的前沿技术。可控偏心器是集微电子、信息处理、自动控制、液压传动控制等学科于一体的智能导向钻井工具。通过它构成的井眼轨迹闭环控制系统能够实现井眼轨迹的自动控制，从而提高井眼轨迹的控制精度，降低钻井成本。 本文介绍了目前国内外井眼轨迹控制技术的发展状况以及国外主要的几种钻井控制系统，分析了它们各自的优缺点。根据可控偏心器的导向机理，提出了带可控偏心器的井眼轨迹闭环控制系统及其轨迹控制机理，对其核心部分—翼肋液压定位控制器的工作原理进行了分析，阐述了翼肋缸压合矢量控制原理。论文中提出了一种基于单片机的控制系统工程实现方法，介绍了系统的硬件设计思路和工作原理，并给出了各部分硬件电路原理图，绘制了程序流程图。 关键词：井眼轨迹控制；可控偏心器控制器；定位控制；可伸缩翼肋； 井眼轨迹偏差 ABSTRACT In recent years, as the exploration and development environment of oil and gas become routher and the demands for higher oil and gas recovery ratio grow, more and more horizontal wells, long extended-reach wells and drilling technology is adopted today. Thus, people are more concerned about well trajectory control. In order to lower the drilling cost, advance the economic effectiveness, researching and developing new type intelligent drilling system is becoming the newest trend and the most urgent problem of drilling technology domain.Auto steerable drilling technology is the trendency in the future, and one of the most core matters of all is the technology of controlling the downhole path, If we could make the most of the existing geometry steerable drilling system and excavate the potentiality of such kind of steerable drilling system further, we shall be able to drill any conventional directional well, extend reach well and horizontal well with no problem. Rotary Steerable Close-Loop Drilling Technology is a kind of important technology of international petroleum industry. It is the advanced technology that represent the developing trend of information, intelligence and automation of drilling technology.The Controllable Eccentric Stabilizer is intergrating technologies by the knowledge of microelectronic,information processing, automation, and hydrau