托福阅读中的正逆性思维.doc

托福阅读中的正逆性思维 小马过河为大家准备了“托福阅读中的正逆性思维”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 　　OG上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说观点(strongly implied but not explicitly stated in the text)的理解程度，属于理解性题目，题目要求如下： 　　Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X? 　　According to paragraph 5, what does the author imply about X ? 　　Paragraph 1 suggests which of the following about X? 　　According to paragraph 3, what do Y indicate about X? 　　题干中有出现infer, imply, indicate或suggest这四个单词，我们就判定一个题目为推断题，那推断题如何解答呢? 　　第一步，判断题型。我们拿到题目，看到上面四个单词中的任何一个，心中就想着这是推断题，推断题的做题忠旨是文章中强烈建议但未明说的。 　　第二步，审清题干。明白题目是要我们根据哪段进行推测，推测关于什么的。 　　第三步，原文定位。根据题干中我们找到的信息点，回到原文定位，找到相关句。 　　第四步，推测+判断。根据相关句进行正向或逆向的推理，最后择优而选，确定答案。 　　前三步，可以借用做事实信息题的方法来做，最后一步的推测，相对于正向推理，逆向推理对同学们简单一些，回到原文中定位，发现相关句中存在着对比或转折的，直接否定前者，得出答案，例如TPO2中的The Origins of Cetaceans 的第2题，让你推测关于early sea otters的，回到原文中定位，你会发现，关键句中存在着一个unlike，说不像sea otters，想象一下早期鲸类比较困难(not easy=difficult)，那我们逆推一下，不就是说想象早期sea otters长什么样比较容易，正确答案中出现了not difficult，所以这道题很简单，当然ETS不会一直都出这么简单的推断题，只是给大家一个答题的方向，另外，ETS经常会在有时间对比处出推断题，这时候我们逆向推理就可以得出正确答案，下面看一个例题： 　　3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building? 　　Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions. 　　Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented. 　　Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process. 　　Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata. 　　Paragraph 2: This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he coul